If you are doing a lot of holes, getting an auger in is worth it ... but for 6 holes I would just use a post hole shovel and crowbar (quicker and easier in the long run).
I'd just fill it with straight concrete. You want those footings to be as strong as possible.
Put some batten screws into the timber that will be set in concrete, to prevent them from being pulled out and ties the post to the concrete. Personally I would use steel posts.
I would use timber stays on the post (two stays). Screw the stay into a peg and the plumb the post. Once plumbed, secure the stay to the post using a clamp ... check plumb again ... then screw the stay to the post.