The standard way is to use ceramic tile underlay nailed to the floorboards with ring shanked nails. James Hardie have ceramic tile underlay, called exactly that (6mm fibre cement sheeting) with the nailing centres marked I think 150mm centres with 100mm centres around the edges. Then use a flexible adhesive such as Davco Ultraflex.
I think you can also get a special adhesive for direct sticking to floorboards but feels less solid to me underfoot.
Cheers
Pulse