on first reading, i would bet it is salt under the subfloor.
but if it is in the roof as well, then it could be insecticide dust.
It can be used to dust roofs and subfloors for spiders etc
Unfortunately, there is no way to tell what sort it is.
they are all mainly permethrin based these days and you are right that they are mixed with talc power for easy flow distribution
If it is over 12 months old i doubt it is still active, but alway use you PPE whenever in a roof or sub-floor.